★ 宋立平，高德民，张伟，田野（北京广利核系统工程有限公司，北京 100094）

摘要： 核电站主控室马赛克式报警灯是操作员识别报警信息的关键设备，其面板与标签字体色差设计缺乏量化依据，存在色差不足问题，易导致操作员视觉疲劳、辨识困难及误判，影响核电运行安全。本研究基于人因工程标准《NUREG 0700 Rev.3 人机界面设计评审指南》，提出了一套完整的颜色优化方案。该方案通过分析国内核电机组主控室报警灯面板颜色（红/紫/黄/白/绿）及其RGB值，结合标准推荐的颜色组合规则，匹配了黑色、深蓝、草绿3种字体颜色，并采用CIE L*u*v*色差模型量化计算了15组面板-字体组合的色差值(ΔE）。不同颜色组合的对比实验表明，红色面板+草绿字、紫色面板+草绿字的色差远超标准阈值；黄色面板+黑字、白色面板+深蓝字满足最佳可读性要求；绿色面板+黑字的搭配表现优于其他组合。该研究成果为核电站马赛克式报警灯设计提供了量化依据，显著提升了信息识别效率与操作安全性。

关键词：核电站主控室；马赛克式报警灯；人因工程；面板与标签字体色差设计；CIE L*u*v*色差模型

Abstract: The mosaic-type alarm lamps in the main control room of nuclear power plants are key equipment for operators to identify alarm information. However, the color difference design between the panels and label fonts lacks a quantitative basis, resulting in insufficient color contrast. This issue easily causes operators' visual fatigue, recognition difficulties, and misjudgments, thereby affecting the safety of nuclear power plant operation. Based on the human factors engineering standard NUREG 0700 Rev.3 Guidelines for Reviewing Human-Machine Interface Designs, this study proposes a comprehensive color optimization scheme. The study first analyzes the colors (red/purple/yellow/white/green) and their corresponding RGB values of alarm lamp panels in the main control rooms of domestic nuclear power units. Then, combined with the color combination rules recommended by the aforementioned standard, three font colors (black, dark blue, and grass green) are matched for the panels. Subsequently, the CIE L*u*v* color difference model is adopted to quantitatively calculate the color difference values (ΔE) of 15 panel-font combinations. Comparative experiments on different color combinations show that the color differences of the "red panel + grass green font" and "purple panel + grass green font" combinations far exceed the standard threshold; the "yellow panel + black font" and "white panel + dark blue font" combinations meet the requirements for optimal readability; and the performance of the "green panel + black font" combination is superior to that of other combinations. The research results provide a quantitative basis for the design of mosaic-type alarm lamps in nuclear power plants and significantly improve the efficiency of information recognition and operational safety.

Key words: Nuclear power plant main control room; Mosaic-type alarm lamp; Human factors engineering; Color difference design of panel and label font; CIE L*u*v* color difference model

在线预览：核电站主控室马赛克式报警灯人因优化设计与色差验证研究.pdf

摘自《自动化博览》2026年3月刊